CHRIS HAY

IDEAS · SYSTEMS · OBJECTS / LONDON · 2026

CHRIS HAY / MACHINE READERSHIP

Who is
reading?

Most of the audience for this publication never runs a line of its JavaScript. Training crawlers, AI search indexers, feed clients and the fetch an assistant makes because somebody asked it a question — none of them appear in ordinary analytics. This page counts them at the server, where they are actually visible.

A count here is a request, not a person. Where a provider publishes the addresses its agents use, every claim is checked against that list and the checked and unchecked figures are kept apart. MACHINE-READABLE ↗

12AI RETRIEVALS · USER-INITIATED
0AI INDEXING
6AI TRAINING
352BROWSER REQUESTS

LAST 30 DAYS · 2026-08-09 01:00Z TO 2026-09-08 01:00Z · 381 REQUESTS COUNTED

18VERIFIED

The declared agent’s provider publishes the addresses it uses, and this request came from one of them.

0DECLARED, UNCHECKED

An agent named itself and its provider publishes no list this site can test the claim against.

0REFUTED, EXCLUDED

An agent named itself and its own provider’s published addresses exclude this request. Counted here and nowhere else on this page.

100% of identified agent requests are verified against a published address list.

BY SYSTEM

SystemRetrievalIndexingTrainingShare of AI
OpenAI120067%
Anthropic00633%

WHAT IS BEING READ

The column that matters is the first one. Indexing says a page is discoverable. A user-initiated retrieval says an idea entered somebody’s conversation and a machine came back here for the primary source.

PathUser-initiatedAll AIBrowsers
other paths1337
/robots.txt021
/1143
/notebook/my-ci-has-to-undo-my-coding-agent1114
/about1113
/notebook1113
/research1113
/systems1113
/film1112
/notebook/which-source-wins1111
/readership0111
/objects116
/record116
/ideas115
/sitemap.xml011
/work/larql0012
/film/youtube/W3iQbl5R_Jk0011
/thread/the-map0011
/film/youtube0010
/film/youtube/5_ZiJpl4hvs0010

SCRAPED, OR SUBSCRIBED TO

This publication offers machines documents of their own — two feeds, a follow signal, a record API, a sitemap. Whether an agent takes them, or only takes the pages, is the difference between being read and being harvested.

DocumentRequestsShare
Pages35092%
Feeds31%
Agent documents51%
Record API226%
Assets10%

Feed clients polling on someone’s behalf: 0. Preview cards built for shared links: 0. Conventional search indexing: 0. Machine requests this site cannot attribute: 11.

CITATIONS SOMEBODY FOLLOWED

A retrieval is a machine reading. This is the other half of the same event: a browser arriving from the answer that cited the page. ChatGPT marks its citation links, so the two stages can be told apart.

Arrived fromBrowser requests
Web search2
Social1

RECENT · BUCKETED TO THE HOUR

HourAgentPurposePathRequests
2026-09-08 01:00ZClaudeBot VERIFIEDtraining/readership1
2026-09-08 01:00ZClaudeBot VERIFIEDtraining/robots.txt1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/about1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/film1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/ideas1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/notebook1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/notebook/my-ci-has-to-undo-my-coding-agent1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/notebook/which-source-wins1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/objects1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/record1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/research1
2026-09-08 00:00ZClaudeBot VERIFIEDtraining/robots.txt1
2026-09-08 00:00ZClaudeBot VERIFIEDtraining/sitemap.xml1
2026-09-08 00:00ZChatGPT-User VERIFIEDretrieval/systems1

What these numbers do not say.

Counts are server-side HTTP requests. They are not people, sessions or visits.

Agent identity is a header the client chose to send. Where a provider publishes the addresses its agents use, the claim is checked against that published list and reported as verified; where no list is published it is reported as declared and nothing more.

A claim contradicted by its own provider's published addresses is recorded as refuted and excluded from every total on this page.

No address, cookie, session, fingerprint or query string is stored. The finest record kept is an hourly count per path, agent and outcome.

Paths this site does not publish are counted together as one line rather than named.

Figures are recomputed at most once every five minutes, so they trail live traffic by up to that long.

Verification uses a dated snapshot of each provider’s own published address list, retrieved 2026-09-07 and held in this repository: 646 address ranges across 8 published documents. Anthropic, OpenAI, Perplexity, Google and Microsoft publish one. Apple and most others do not, so their agents can be recorded and never confirmed.

Hourly counts are kept for 400 days and then deleted. Definitions for every category are published with the counts at /api/readership, and the classifier, the address snapshot and the retention rule are in the source of this site.

EVERY CATEGORY, DEFINED
AI USER
Requests by provider agents that fetch on a person's behalf — ChatGPT-User, Claude-User, Perplexity-User. Requests, not people: one question can cause several.
AI SEARCH
Requests by agents that index for AI answers and citations — OAI-SearchBot, Claude-SearchBot, PerplexityBot.
AI TRAINING
Requests by agents that collect text for model training — GPTBot, ClaudeBot, CCBot and others.
SEARCH BOT
Conventional web search indexing — Googlebot, bingbot, Applebot and others.
FEED READER
Feed clients polling on a subscriber's behalf.
LINK PREVIEW
Fetches that build a preview card for a shared link.
AUTOMATION
Machine-shaped requests that are none of the above, named or not.
HUMAN
Requests from an ordinary browser.